This change proved particularly useful for diagonal movements, now highlighted by the continuous sequence of same-coloured squares in the diagonals, facilitating the movement of the recently added bishop and queen. In the 10th century, chess arrived in Europe and the board acquired its characteristic recognisable chequered pattern used at the time in draughts, which had a smaller 5×5 board. One of the variants of the time, Tamerlane chess, had eleven columns by ten rows and two extra squares to the right side of the second row of the player, called citadels, which held a special function in the game. Īfter arriving in Ancient Persia, the board was adapted to the new variants of chess, in which more columns and rows were included. This board was monochromatic and divided into eight columns by eight rows, with special marks called castles in the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth squares of the a-, d-, e-, and h-columns, which served a function in Ashtapada, but not in chaturanga. The first known version of chess appeared around the 6th century in India and was called chaturanga, played on a board of the game Ashtapada. For two-dimensional boards, each horizontal row of squares is called a rank, each vertical column of squares is called a file, and each oblique line of squares of the same colour is called a diagonal.Īshtāpada board on which chaturanga was also played.īoard games have been known since ancient history, with the oldest records being paintings in mastabas of the First and Third Dynasties of Egypt (3100–2700 BC). Each individual square of the board can be identified using chess notation, which may be descriptive, algebraic, or numeric. For variants, the total number of squares may range from nine to one hundred and twelve. In western chess the board has a square shape, with its side being divided into eight parts, resulting in a total of sixty-four squares. When they are permitted, they must meet various criteria (see the text on FIDE regulations below) Materials vary widely while wooden boards are generally used in high-level games vinyl, plastic, and cardboard are common for less important tournaments and matches and for home use.ĭecorative glass and marble boards are rarely permitted for games conducted by national or international chess federations. Common dark-light combinations are black and white, as well as brown, green or blue with buff or cream. A variety of colours combinations are used for plastic, vinyl, and silicone boards. To reduce cost, many boards are made with veneers of more expensive woods glued to an inner piece of plywood or chipboard.
Traditionally wooden boards are made of unstained light and dark brown woods. Though usually played on a surface, a tangible board is not a requirement to play the game.
A chessboard is usually square in shape, with an alternating pattern of squares in two colours. A chessboard is the type of gameboard used for the game of chess, on which the chess pawns and pieces are placed.
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